United Arab Emirates - AE - ARE - UAE - Middle East
Last updated: March 03, 2025
United Arab Emirates Images
The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates. The largest mosque in the country, it is the key place of worship for daily prayers. During the Muslim festival of Eid, it has been visited by more than 41,000 people in the period of celebration. Constructed between 1996 and 2007, the Grand Mosque contains design elements borrowed from other Islamic countries, including Turkey, Morocco, Pakistan, and Egypt. Its main axis is rotated about 11° south of true west, aligning it in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Natural materials, such as marble, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals, and ceramics were used in construction due to their long-lasting qualities.
The Burj-al-Arab Hotel in Dubai is one of the world's tallest hotels. Its distinctive shape is meant to mimic an Arab dhow (sailing vessel).
View along the causeway leading to the Burj-al-Arab Hotel in Dubai - at 321 m (1,053 ft), it is one of the world's tallest hotels.
Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates. A planned city, Abu Dhabi's rapid development and urbanization have transformed it into a large and developed metropolis. The UAE's hot desert climate insures sunny blue skies throughout the year.
The Emirates Palace is a luxury hotel in Abu Dhabi. Built between 2001 and 2005, the hotel displays a mix of Islamic architectural elements complemented by modern design and construction. The central dome features elaborate geometrical patterns. The color of the building was inspired by different shades of sand in the Arabian Desert. The hotel hosts a 1.2-km long beach.
South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter). The Rub' al Khali is a sand desert encompassing the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula, including southern Saudi Arabia, and areas of Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The desert covers some 650,000 sq km (250,000 sq mi).
The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates. The largest mosque in the country, it is the key place of worship for daily prayers. During the Muslim festival of Eid, it has been visited by more than 41,000 people in the period of celebration. Constructed between 1996 and 2007, the Grand Mosque contains design elements borrowed from other Islamic countries, including Turkey, Morocco, Pakistan, and Egypt. Its main axis is rotated about 11° south of true west, aligning it in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Natural materials, such as marble, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals, and ceramics were used in construction due to their long-lasting qualities.
The Burj-al-Arab Hotel in Dubai is one of the world's tallest hotels. Its distinctive shape is meant to mimic an Arab dhow (sailing vessel).
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United Arab Emirates Factbook Data
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Martina A. STRONG (since 4 October 2023)
embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38, Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi
mailing address: 6010 Abu Dhabi Place, Washington DC 20521-6010
telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200
FAX: [971] (2) 414-2241
email address and website:
abudhabiacs@state.gov
https://ae.usembassy.gov/
consulate(s) general: Dubai
embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38, Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi
mailing address: 6010 Abu Dhabi Place, Washington DC 20521-6010
telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200
FAX: [971] (2) 414-2241
email address and website:
abudhabiacs@state.gov
https://ae.usembassy.gov/
consulate(s) general: Dubai
Age structure
0-14 years: 16.4% (male 842,577/female 802,302)
15-64 years: 81.4% (male 5,812,470/female 2,353,750)
65 years and over: 2.2% (2024 est.) (male 169,084/female 52,030)
15-64 years: 81.4% (male 5,812,470/female 2,353,750)
65 years and over: 2.2% (2024 est.) (male 169,084/female 52,030)
This is the population pyramid for United Arab Emirates. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.
Geographic coordinates
24 00 N, 54 00 E
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.47 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 3.25 male(s)/female
total population: 2.13 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.47 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 3.25 male(s)/female
total population: 2.13 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Heliports
203 (2024)
Natural hazards
frequent sand and dust storms
Area - comparative
slightly larger than South Carolina; slightly smaller than Maine
slightly larger than South Carolina; slightly smaller than Maine
Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men (compulsory service initiated in 2014); 18-40 for voluntary service; 36-month service obligation for men without a secondary education and 11 months for secondary school graduates; women may volunteer (11-month service obligation regardless of education) (2023)
note 1: compulsory service may be completed in the uniformed military, the Ministry of Interior, or other security institutions designated by the military leadership
note 2: the UAE military employs a considerable number of foreign personnel on contracted service
note 1: compulsory service may be completed in the uniformed military, the Ministry of Interior, or other security institutions designated by the military leadership
note 2: the UAE military employs a considerable number of foreign personnel on contracted service
Background
The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states -- Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn -- merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ra's al Khaymah joined in 1972.
The UAE's per-capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. In 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE did not experience the "Arab Spring" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East in 2010-11, partly because of the government's multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates, and its aggressive pursuit of advocates for political reform.
The UAE in recent years has played a growing role in regional affairs. In addition to donating billions of dollars in economic aid to help stabilize Egypt, the UAE was one of the first countries to join the Defeat ISIS coalition, and to participate as a key partner in a Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen. In 2020, the UAE and Bahrain signed a peace agreement (the Abraham Accords) with Israel -- brokered by the US -- in Washington, D.C. The UAE and Bahrain thus became the third and fourth Middle Eastern countries, along with Egypt and Jordan, to recognize Israel.
The UAE's per-capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. In 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE did not experience the "Arab Spring" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East in 2010-11, partly because of the government's multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates, and its aggressive pursuit of advocates for political reform.
The UAE in recent years has played a growing role in regional affairs. In addition to donating billions of dollars in economic aid to help stabilize Egypt, the UAE was one of the first countries to join the Defeat ISIS coalition, and to participate as a key partner in a Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen. In 2020, the UAE and Bahrain signed a peace agreement (the Abraham Accords) with Israel -- brokered by the US -- in Washington, D.C. The UAE and Bahrain thus became the third and fourth Middle Eastern countries, along with Egypt and Jordan, to recognize Israel.
Environment - current issues
air pollution; rapid population growth and high energy demand contribute to water scarcity; lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; land degradation and desertification; waste generation, beach pollution from oil spills
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.8% (2018 est.)
highest 10%: 20.5% (2018 est.)
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
highest 10%: 20.5% (2018 est.)
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2022)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Exports - partners
India 13%, Japan 10%, China 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Iraq 5% (2022)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Administrative divisions
7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
Agricultural products
dates, cucumbers/gherkins, camel milk, goat milk, tomatoes, chicken, goat meat, eggs, milk, camel meat (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Military and security forces
United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy Forces, Air Force, Presidential Guard (includes special operations forces)
Ministry of Interior: Coast Guard Forces, Critical Infrastructure and Coastal Patrol Agency (CICPA) (2024)
note: each emirate maintains a local police force called a general directorate, which is officially a branch of the federal Ministry of Interior; all emirate-level general directorates of police enforce their respective emirate’s laws autonomously; they also enforce federal laws within their emirate in coordination with one another under the federal ministry; the State Security Directorate (SSD) in Abu Dhabi and Dubai State Security (DSS) have primary responsible for counterterrorism law enforcement efforts; local, emirate-level police forces, especially the Abu Dhabi Police and Dubai Police, are the first responders in such cases and provide technical assistance to SSD and DSS
Ministry of Interior: Coast Guard Forces, Critical Infrastructure and Coastal Patrol Agency (CICPA) (2024)
note: each emirate maintains a local police force called a general directorate, which is officially a branch of the federal Ministry of Interior; all emirate-level general directorates of police enforce their respective emirate’s laws autonomously; they also enforce federal laws within their emirate in coordination with one another under the federal ministry; the State Security Directorate (SSD) in Abu Dhabi and Dubai State Security (DSS) have primary responsible for counterterrorism law enforcement efforts; local, emirate-level police forces, especially the Abu Dhabi Police and Dubai Police, are the first responders in such cases and provide technical assistance to SSD and DSS
Budget
revenues: $20.165 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $19.483 billion (2022 est.)
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
expenditures: $19.483 billion (2022 est.)
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Capital
name: Abu Dhabi
geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: in Arabic, abu means "father" and dhabi refers to "gazelle"; the name may derive from an abundance of gazelles that used to live in the area, as well as a folk tale involving the "Father of the Gazelle," Shakhbut BIN DHIYAB AL NAHYAN, whose hunting party tracked a gazelle to a spring on the island where Abu Dhabi was founded
geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: in Arabic, abu means "father" and dhabi refers to "gazelle"; the name may derive from an abundance of gazelles that used to live in the area, as well as a folk tale involving the "Father of the Gazelle," Shakhbut BIN DHIYAB AL NAHYAN, whose hunting party tracked a gazelle to a spring on the island where Abu Dhabi was founded
Imports - commodities
gold, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, diamonds, cars (2022)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Climate
desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Coastline
1,318 km
Constitution
history: previous 1971 (provisional); latest drafted in 1979, became permanent May 1996
amendments: proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president; amended 2009
amendments: proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president; amended 2009
Exchange rates
Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
3.673 (2023 est.)
3.673 (2022 est.)
3.673 (2021 est.)
3.673 (2020 est.)
3.673 (2019 est.)
Exchange rates:
3.673 (2023 est.)
3.673 (2022 est.)
3.673 (2021 est.)
3.673 (2020 est.)
3.673 (2019 est.)
Executive branch
chief of state: President MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al Nuhayyan (since 14 May 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister and Co-Vice President MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al Maktum (since 5 January 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president
elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council - composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates - for a 5-year term (no term limits); unscheduled election held on 14 May 2022, following the death of President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (next election expected in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: 2022: MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al-Nuhayyan elected president; Federal Supreme Council vote - NA
note: the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) is composed of the 7 emirate rulers and is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; the FSC establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
head of government: Prime Minister and Co-Vice President MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al Maktum (since 5 January 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president
elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council - composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates - for a 5-year term (no term limits); unscheduled election held on 14 May 2022, following the death of President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (next election expected in 2027); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: 2022: MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al-Nuhayyan elected president; Federal Supreme Council vote - NA
note: the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) is composed of the 7 emirate rulers and is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; the FSC establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
Flag description
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side; the flag incorporates all four Pan-Arab colors, which in this case represent fertility (green), neutrality (white), petroleum resources (black), and unity (red); red was the traditional color incorporated into all flags of the emirates before their unification
Illicit drugs
major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics
Independence
2 December 1971 (from the UK)
Industries
petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases)
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiry of their appointment terms
subordinate courts: Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and emirate level; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system; note - the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, both adjudicate civil and commercial disputes.
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiry of their appointment terms
subordinate courts: Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and emirate level; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system; note - the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, both adjudicate civil and commercial disputes.
Land boundaries
total: 1,066 km
border countries (2): Oman 609 km; Saudi Arabia 457 km
border countries (2): Oman 609 km; Saudi Arabia 457 km
Land use
agricultural land: 4.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 3.8% (2018 est.)
other: 91.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 3.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 3.8% (2018 est.)
other: 91.6% (2018 est.)
Legal system
mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law and civil law
Legislative branch
legislature name: Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihadi)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 40 (20 indirectly elected; 20 appointed)
electoral system: other systems
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 10/7/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 50%
expected date of next election: October 2027
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 40 (20 indirectly elected; 20 appointed)
electoral system: other systems
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 10/7/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 50%
expected date of next election: October 2027
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.1%
male: 98.8%
female: 97.2% (2021)
total population: 98.1%
male: 98.8%
female: 97.2% (2021)
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
International organization participation
ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, BRICS, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day (National Day), 2 December (1971)
Nationality
noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati
adjective: Emirati
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas
Geography - note
strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) together account for over 90% of the area of the country and two-thirds of the population
Economic overview
high-income, oil-driven Middle Eastern economy; fastest GDP growth of Gulf states; diversification through tourism, construction, and services; strong foreign direct investment orientation; continued government investment and business-friendly reforms
Pipelines
533 km condensate, 3,277 km gas, 300 km liquid petroleum gas, 3287 km oil, 24 km oil/gas/water, 218 km refined products, 99 km water (2013)
Political parties
none; political parties are banned; all candidates run as independents
Suffrage
limited; note - rulers of the seven emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that together account for about 12 percent of Emirati citizens
Telecommunication systems
general assessment: the UAE has a strong mobile market; while the 5G penetration rate is the second highest globally after China; this has underpinned growth in the mobile broadband sector, and has enabled the strong development in the take-up of rich content and applications, as well as m-commerce; to help increase the capacity of 5G networks in coming years, and so keep up with data demand, the government has allowed for the GSM networks to be closed down and for spectrum and other assets to be re-purposed for 5G by the end of 2022; the fixed-broadband network in the UAE is dominated by fiber, with DSL having a minor and declining presence; this focus on a fully fiber infrastructure has also facilitated growth in e-commerce, and has supported the government’s long-term aim of transitioning the economy from its dependence on oil to being knowledge-based and supported by digital services; the country stands to benefit from having signed the Abraham Accord Declaration with Israel, which aims to normalize relations between the two countries; such benefits can be seen in the agreement to enable local ISPs to access Bezeq International’s submarine cable infrastructure, and so improve direct connectivity to Europe, South East Asia, and Africa; the UAE’s ISPs can also access Bezeq International’s data center in Tel Aviv, improving internet services (2022)
domestic: fixed-line is 24 per 100 and mobile-cellular is 190 per 100 (2021)
international: country code - 971; landing points for the FLAG, SEA-ME-WE-3 ,-4 & -5, Qater UAE Submarine Cable System, FALCON, FOG, Tat TGN-Gulf, OMRAN/EPEG Cable System, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FEA, GBICS/MENA, IMEWE, Orient Express, TEAMS, TW1 and the UAE-Iran submarine cables, linking to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian) (2020)
domestic: fixed-line is 24 per 100 and mobile-cellular is 190 per 100 (2021)
international: country code - 971; landing points for the FLAG, SEA-ME-WE-3 ,-4 & -5, Qater UAE Submarine Cable System, FALCON, FOG, Tat TGN-Gulf, OMRAN/EPEG Cable System, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FEA, GBICS/MENA, IMEWE, Orient Express, TEAMS, TW1 and the UAE-Iran submarine cables, linking to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian) (2020)
Terrain
flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert; mountains in east
Government type
federation of monarchies
Country name
conventional long form: United Arab Emirates
conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form: none
former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States
abbreviation: UAE
etymology: self-descriptive country name; the name "Arabia" can be traced back many centuries B.C., the ancient Egyptians referred to the region as "Ar Rabi"; "emirates" derives from "amir" the Arabic word for "commander," "lord," or "prince"
conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form: none
former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States
abbreviation: UAE
etymology: self-descriptive country name; the name "Arabia" can be traced back many centuries B.C., the ancient Egyptians referred to the region as "Ar Rabi"; "emirates" derives from "amir" the Arabic word for "commander," "lord," or "prince"
Location
Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Map references
Middle East
Irrigated land
898 sq km (2020)
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Yousif AL OTAIBA (since 28 July 2008)
chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
FAX: [1] (202) 243-2408
email address and website:
info@uaeembassy-usa.org
https://www.uae-embassy.org/
consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, New York
chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
FAX: [1] (202) 243-2408
email address and website:
info@uaeembassy-usa.org
https://www.uae-embassy.org/
consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, New York
Internet users
percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)
Internet country code
.ae
GDP (official exchange rate)
$514.13 billion (2023 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Credit ratings
Fitch rating: AA- (2020)
Moody's rating: Aa2 (2007)
Standard & Poors rating: AA (2007)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
Moody's rating: Aa2 (2007)
Standard & Poors rating: AA (2007)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
Total renewable water resources
150 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Broadcast media
except for the many organizations now operating in media free zones in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, most TV and radio stations remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts; restrictions since June 2017 on some satellite channels and websites originating from or otherwise linked to Qatar, but in early 2023 Abu Dhabi unblocked several sites, including Al Jazeera (2022)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
rural: NA
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
National anthem
name: "Nashid al-watani al-imarati" (National Anthem of the UAE)
lyrics/music: AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
note: music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1996; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of Tunisia
lyrics/music: AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
note: music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1996; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of Tunisia
This is an audio of the National Anthem for United Arab Emirates. The national anthem is generally a patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
Major urban areas - population
3.008 million Dubai, 1.831 million Sharjah, 1.567 million ABU DHABI (capital) (2023)
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Physician density
2.6 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)
National symbol(s)
golden falcon; national colors: green, white, black, red
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 45.6% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 12.4% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 27.1% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 108.6% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -93.7% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
government consumption: 12.4% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 27.1% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 108.6% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -93.7% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 20.3
youth dependency ratio: 18.2
elderly dependency ratio: 2.1
potential support ratio: 47.3 (2021 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 18.2
elderly dependency ratio: 2.1
potential support ratio: 47.3 (2021 est.)
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of the United Arab Emirates; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of the United Arab Emirates; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years
Population distribution
population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah - are home to nearly 85% of the population
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
National air transport system
number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 497
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 95,533,069 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 15,962,900,000 (2018) mt-km
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 497
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 95,533,069 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 15,962,900,000 (2018) mt-km
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
A6
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
rural: NA
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups
Emirati 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8% (2015 est.)
note: data represent the total population; as of 2019, immigrants make up about 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data
note: data represent the total population; as of 2019, immigrants make up about 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data
Religions
Muslim 74.5% (official) (Sunni 63.3%, Shia 6.7%, other 4.4%), Christian 12.9%, Hindu 6.2%, Buddhist 3.2%, agnostic 1.3%, other 1.9% (2020 est.)
note: data represent the total population; as of 2020, immigrants make up about 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data
note: data represent the total population; as of 2020, immigrants make up about 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data
Languages
Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayalam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Arabic audio sample
Imports - partners
China 18%, India 10%, US 6%, UK 4%, Saudi Arabia 3% (2022)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 5 (mid-year 2021)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Elevation
highest point: Jabal Bil 'Ays 1,905 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
mean elevation: 149 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
mean elevation: 149 m
Contraceptive prevalence rate
NA
Current health expenditure
5.5% of GDP (2020)
Military - note
the UAE Armed Forces (UAEAF) are responsible for external defense and supporting the UAE’s foreign policy objectives; the military’s primary concerns include terrorism, regional instability, particularly in neighboring Yemen, and Iran, including a territorial dispute over three islands in the Strait of Hormuz and Iranian support to proxy forces in the region; in recent years, the UAE has undertaken a large military modernization program to go along with an assertive security policy which has included military involvments in Libya, Syria, and Yemen, as well as peacekeeping missions in Afghanistan and Somalia; the UAEAF has organized, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of militia forces in Yemen and offered training and equipment to several countries in Africa; the UAE also hosts the region’s first military school for women, which has trained female peacekeepers for deployment in Africa and Asia
the UAE has close security ties to France and the US; it hosts a multi-service French military base, which includes the French naval command for the Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN); the UAE has a defense cooperation agreement with the US and hosts thousands of US military troops, mostly air and naval personnel; it also has defense ties with a variety of other countries, including Australia, China, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, South Korea, and the UK, as well as NATO and fellow members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, particularly Saudi Arabia
the UAEAF traces its origins to the establishment of the Trucial Oman Scouts in 1951, a joint UK-Abu Dhabi organization modeled after Jordan’s Arab Legion, which became the Abu Dhabi Defense Force in 1965; the modern UAEAF were formed in 1976 and are considered to be one of the best-trained and most capable forces in the Persian Gulf region (2024)
the UAE has close security ties to France and the US; it hosts a multi-service French military base, which includes the French naval command for the Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN); the UAE has a defense cooperation agreement with the US and hosts thousands of US military troops, mostly air and naval personnel; it also has defense ties with a variety of other countries, including Australia, China, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, South Korea, and the UK, as well as NATO and fellow members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, particularly Saudi Arabia
the UAEAF traces its origins to the establishment of the Trucial Oman Scouts in 1951, a joint UK-Abu Dhabi organization modeled after Jordan’s Arab Legion, which became the Abu Dhabi Defense Force in 1965; the modern UAEAF were formed in 1976 and are considered to be one of the best-trained and most capable forces in the Persian Gulf region (2024)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 65,000 active personnel (45,000 Land Forces; 3,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force; 12,000 Presidential Guard) (2024)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is comprised of a wide variety of mostly modern imported weapons and equipment, and a small, but expanding amount of domestically-produced items; major foreign suppliers have included China, France, Italy, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, and the US; the UAE has a growing domestic defense industry which produces or co-produces such items as armored vehicles, naval vessels, precision munitions, and unmanned aerial vehicles/drones (2024)
Military deployments
continues to maintain a small force in Yemen; also maintains some troops at military bases in Eritrea and Somalia (Somaliland) (2023)
note: in 2015, UAE intervened militarily in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition in support of the Republic of Yemen Government with an estimated 3,500 troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a small military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC)
note: in 2015, UAE intervened militarily in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition in support of the Republic of Yemen Government with an estimated 3,500 troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a small military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 2.63 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 69 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
agricultural: 2.32 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 69 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
agricultural: 2.32 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 5,413,453 tons (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 1,082,691 tons (2015 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 20% (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 1,082,691 tons (2015 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 20% (2015 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 12.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 0.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 0.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Air pollutants
particulate matter emissions: 41.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 206.32 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 56.55 megatons (2020 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 206.32 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 56.55 megatons (2020 est.)
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud, and Oases Areas)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud, and Oases Areas)
Coal
consumption: 3.273 million metric tons (2022 est.)
exports: 99,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
imports: 3.538 million metric tons (2022 est.)
exports: 99,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
imports: 3.538 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 84.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
nuclear: 11.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
solar: 4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
nuclear: 11.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
solar: 4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Natural gas
production: 56.683 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
consumption: 66.091 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
exports: 6.991 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
imports: 19.29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
proven reserves: 6.091 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 66.091 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
exports: 6.991 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
imports: 19.29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
proven reserves: 6.091 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4.146 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 939,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 97.8 billion barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 939,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 97.8 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.78 (2024 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
72.4% (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2023)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 5.32GW (2023 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 19.7% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 5.32GW (2023 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 19.7% (2023 est.)
Space program overview
has an ambitious and growing space program and is recognized as one of the leading programs in the region; focused on satellite development, including communications, remote sensing, and navigational; also placing emphasis on building expertise, infrastructure, ground stations, technology, and research and development capabilities to support its space program domestically; rather than building its own launch capabilities, has elected to utilize foreign partners to launch payloads from spaceports abroad; has looked to invest heavily in foreign commercial space companies and encourage global partnerships; has a foreign-assisted astronaut training program; seeking to establish UAE as an international hub for space education; has signed more than 25 cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding with major global and regional players in the space sector, including the Arab Space Cooperation Group, China, the European Space Agency (ESA), France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the US; sees the development of its commercial space industry as a key pillar for diversifying and developing the country’s non-oil economy; dozens of space companies and entities operate in the UAE, including international and start-ups, plus several space science research centers (2024)
note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide
note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide
Space agency/agencies
UAE Space Agency (created in 2014); Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC; established 2006); in 2015, MBRSC combined with the Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST; established 2006) (2024)
Ports
total ports: 20 (2024)
large: 1
medium: 4
small: 9
very small: 6
ports with oil terminals: 17
key ports: Abu Zaby, Jabal Az Zannah/Ruways, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali, Zirkuh
large: 1
medium: 4
small: 9
very small: 6
ports with oil terminals: 17
key ports: Abu Zaby, Jabal Az Zannah/Ruways, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali, Zirkuh
Labor force
7.248 million (2023 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 10.7% (2023 est.)
male: 6.7% (2023 est.)
female: 22.9% (2023 est.)
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
male: 6.7% (2023 est.)
female: 22.9% (2023 est.)
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Net migration rate
-3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 35.8 years (2024 est.)
male: 38.1 years
female: 29.8 years
male: 38.1 years
female: 29.8 years
Maternal mortality ratio
9 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$189.491 billion (2023 est.)
$138.433 billion (2022 est.)
$131.117 billion (2021 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
$138.433 billion (2022 est.)
$131.117 billion (2021 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Public debt
19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Total fertility rate
1.61 children born/woman (2024 est.)
Military expenditures
4% of GDP (2023 est.)
4% of GDP (2022 est.)
5% of GDP (2021 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)
4% of GDP (2022 est.)
5% of GDP (2021 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate
2.71% (2023 est.)
2.87% (2022 est.)
3.11% (2021 est.)
note: % of labor force seeking employment
2.87% (2022 est.)
3.11% (2021 est.)
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Population
total: 10,032,213
male: 6,824,131
female: 3,208,082 (2024 est.)
male: 6,824,131
female: 3,208,082 (2024 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
268.041 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.274 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 130.114 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 129.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.274 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 130.114 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 129.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
Area
total : 83,600 sq km
land: 83,600 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 83,600 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Taxes and other revenues
0.58% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$718.95 billion (2023 est.)
$693.842 billion (2022 est.)
$645.376 billion (2021 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
$693.842 billion (2022 est.)
$645.376 billion (2021 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
Roadways
total: 4,080 km
paved: 4,080 km (2008) (includes 253 km of expressways)
paved: 4,080 km (2008) (includes 253 km of expressways)
Airports
42 (2024)
Infant mortality rate
total: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 21.2 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 212 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 212 (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
26.4 (2018 est.)
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.63% (2023 est.)
5.29% (2022 est.)
0.18% (2021 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
5.29% (2022 est.)
0.18% (2021 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Current account balance
$26.47 billion (2017 est.)
$13.23 billion (2016 est.)
$13.23 billion (2016 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$68,600 (2023 est.)
$68,900 (2022 est.)
$67,400 (2021 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
$68,900 (2022 est.)
$67,400 (2021 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 3.95 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
31.7% (2016)
Energy consumption per capita
496.365 million Btu/person (2022 est.)
Death rate
1.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Birth rate
10.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 39.915 million kW (2022 est.)
consumption: 161.89 billion kWh (2022 est.)
exports: 657 million kWh (2022 est.)
imports: 868 million kWh (2022 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 7.524 billion kWh (2022 est.)
consumption: 161.89 billion kWh (2022 est.)
exports: 657 million kWh (2022 est.)
imports: 868 million kWh (2022 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 7.524 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Merchant marine
total: 655 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 2, container ship 3, general cargo 122, oil tanker 16, other 512
by type: bulk carrier 2, container ship 3, general cargo 122, oil tanker 16, other 512
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
NA
Imports
$246.886 billion (2020 est.)
$295.6 billion (2019 est.)
$281.536 billion (2018 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
$295.6 billion (2019 est.)
$281.536 billion (2018 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports
$335.238 billion (2020 est.)
$404.046 billion (2019 est.)
$392.863 billion (2018 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
$404.046 billion (2019 est.)
$392.863 billion (2018 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2.259 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 2.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 79.9 years (2024 est.)
male: 78.6 years
female: 81.4 years
male: 78.6 years
female: 81.4 years
Real GDP growth rate
3.62% (2023 est.)
7.51% (2022 est.)
4.35% (2021 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
7.51% (2022 est.)
4.35% (2021 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Industrial production growth rate
0.8% (2023 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0.7% (2023 est.)
industry: 47.7% (2023 est.)
services: 51.6% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry: 47.7% (2023 est.)
services: 51.6% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Revenue from forest resources
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Education expenditures
3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
0.6% (2024 est.)