Dominica - DM - DMA - DMA - Central America and the Caribbean
Last updated: April 16, 2024
Dominica Images
View of the south side of the island. Dominica features lush mountainous rain forests, and is the home of many rare plant, animal, and bird species (including the Sisserou Parrot featured on its flag).
View of the south side of the island. Dominica features lush mountainous rain forests, and is the home of many rare plant, animal, and bird species (including the Sisserou Parrot featured on its flag).
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Dominica Factbook Data
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica
Age structure
0-14 years: 20.82% (male 7,954/female 7,592)
15-64 years: 65.82% (male 25,085/female 24,053)
65 years and over: 13.36% (2023 est.) (male 4,712/female 5,260)
15-64 years: 65.82% (male 25,085/female 24,053)
65 years and over: 13.36% (2023 est.) (male 4,712/female 5,260)
This is the population pyramid for Dominica. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.
Geographic coordinates
15 25 N, 61 20 W
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Natural hazards
flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
volcanism: Dominica was the last island to be formed in the Caribbean some 26 million years ago, it lies in the middle of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from the island of Saba in the north to Grenada in the south; of the 16 volcanoes that make up this arc, five are located on Dominica, more than any other island in the Caribbean: Morne aux Diables (861 m), Morne Diablotins (1,430 m), Morne Trois Pitons (1,387 m), Watt Mountain (1,224 m), which last erupted in 1997, and Morne Plat Pays (940 m); the two best known volcanic features on Dominica, the Valley of Desolation and the Boiling Lake thermal areas, lie on the flanks of Watt Mountain and both are popular tourist destinations
People - note
3,000-3,500 Kalinago (Carib) still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the Caribbean; only 70-100 may be "pure" Kalinago because of years of integration into the broader population
Area - comparative
slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Background
Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Britain in 1763, and Dominica became a British colony in 1805. Slavery ended in 1833, and in 1835, the first three men of African descent were elected to the legislative assembly of Dominica. In 1871, Dominica became first part of the British Leeward Islands and then the British Windward Islands until 1958. In 1967, Dominica became an associated state of the UK, formally taking responsibility for its internal affairs, and the country gained its independence in 1978. In 1980, Dominica's fortunes improved when Mary Eugenia CHARLES -- the first female prime minister in the Caribbean -- replaced a corrupt and tyrannical administration, and she served for the next 15 years. In 2017, Hurricane Maria passed over the island, causing extensive damage to structures, roads, communications, and the power supply, and largely destroying critical agricultural areas.
Environment - current issues
water shortages a continuing concern; pollution from agrochemicals and from untreated sewage; forests endangered by the expansion of farming; soil erosion; pollution of the coastal zone by agricultural and industrial chemicals, and untreated sewage
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Population below poverty line
29% (2009 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Exports - commodities
medical instruments, low-voltage protection equipment, sutures, soap, bandages (2021)
Exports - partners
Saudi Arabia 28%, France 6%, United States 5%, Grenada 5%, China 4% (2021)
Administrative divisions
10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter
Agricultural products
bananas, yams, grapefruit, taro, milk, coconuts, oranges, yautia, plantains, sugar cane
note: forest and fishery potential not exploited
note: forest and fishery potential not exploited
Military and security forces
no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard) under the Ministry of Justice, Immigration, and National Security (2024)
Budget
revenues: $180 million (2021 est.)
expenditures: $184 million (2021 est.)
expenditures: $184 million (2021 est.)
Capital
name: Roseau
geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name is French for "reed"; the first settlement was named after the river reeds that grew in the area
geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name is French for "reed"; the first settlement was named after the river reeds that grew in the area
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, recreational boats, cars (2021)
Climate
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Coastline
148 km
Constitution
history: previous 1967 (preindependence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978
amendments: proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president; amended several times, last in 2015
amendments: proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president; amended several times, last in 2015
Exchange rates
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
2.7 (2022 est.)
2.7 (2021 est.)
2.7 (2020 est.)
2.7 (2019 est.)
2.7 (2018 est.)
Exchange rates:
2.7 (2022 est.)
2.7 (2021 est.)
2.7 (2020 est.)
2.7 (2019 est.)
2.7 (2018 est.)
Executive branch
chief of state: President Sylvanie BURTON (since 2 October 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president nominated by the prime minister and leader of the opposition party and elected by the House of Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 27 September 2023 (next to be held in October 2028); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: 2023: parliament elects Sylvanie BURTON (DLP) with 20 votes for and five against
head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president nominated by the prime minister and leader of the opposition party and elected by the House of Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 27 September 2023 (next to be held in October 2028); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: 2023: parliament elects Sylvanie BURTON (DLP) with 20 votes for and five against
Fiscal year
1 July - 30 June
Flag description
green with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a Sisserou parrot, unique to Dominica, encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes); green symbolizes the island's lush vegetation; the triple-colored cross represents the Christian Trinity; the yellow color denotes sunshine, the main agricultural products (citrus and bananas), and the native Carib Indians; black is for the rich soil and the African heritage of most citizens; white signifies rivers, waterfalls, and the purity of aspirations; the red disc stands for social justice
Illicit drugs
a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs
Independence
3 November 1978 (from the UK)
Industries
soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes
Judicial branch
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Dominica; note - in 2015, Dominica acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: Court of Summary Jurisdiction; magistrates' courts
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: Court of Summary Jurisdiction; magistrates' courts
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Land use
agricultural land: 34.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 24% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 2.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 59.2% (2018 est.)
other: 6.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 24% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 2.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 59.2% (2018 est.)
other: 6.1% (2018 est.)
Legal system
common law based on the English model
Legislative branch
description: unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 21 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 9 senators appointed by the president - 5 on the advice of the prime minister, and 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, plus 2 ex-officio members - the house speaker and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 6 December 2022 (next to be held in 2027); note - tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but technically it is 5 years from the first seating of parliament plus a 90-day grace period
election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 82.3%, independent 16.9%; (elected) seats by party - DLP 19, independent 2; (Assembly) composition - men 20, women 12, percent of women 37.5%
elections: last held on 6 December 2022 (next to be held in 2027); note - tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but technically it is 5 years from the first seating of parliament plus a 90-day grace period
election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 82.3%, independent 16.9%; (elected) seats by party - DLP 19, independent 2; (Assembly) composition - men 20, women 12, percent of women 37.5%
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
International organization participation
ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Nationality
noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
adjective: Dominican
Natural resources
timber, hydropower, arable land
Geography - note
known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world
Economic overview
highly agrarian OECS island economy; ECCU-member state; large banana exporter; improved oversight of its citizenship-by-investment program; emerging ecotourism, information and communications, and education industries
Political parties and leaders
Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Bernard HURTAULT]
Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]
Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]
Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]
Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]
Ports and terminals
major seaport(s): Portsmouth, Roseau
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Telecommunication systems
general assessment: the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)
domestic: 10 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriptions are about 86 per 100 persons (2021)
international: country code - 1-767; landing points for the ECFS and the Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad and to the US; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2019)
domestic: 10 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriptions are about 86 per 100 persons (2021)
international: country code - 1-767; landing points for the ECFS and the Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad and to the US; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2019)
Terrain
rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Government type
parliamentary republic
Country name
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica
conventional short form: Dominica
etymology: the island was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS for the day of the week on which he spotted it, Sunday ("Domingo" in Latin), 3 November 1493
conventional short form: Dominica
etymology: the island was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS for the day of the week on which he spotted it, Sunday ("Domingo" in Latin), 3 November 1493
Location
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago
Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Irrigated land
NA
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Steve FERROL (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Ave NW Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 364-6781
FAX: [1] (202) 364-6791
email address and website:
embdomdc@gmail.com
consulate(s) general: New York
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Ave NW Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 364-6781
FAX: [1] (202) 364-6791
email address and website:
embdomdc@gmail.com
consulate(s) general: New York
Internet country code
.dm
GDP (official exchange rate)
$607.441 million (2022 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Total renewable water resources
200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 72% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Broadcast media
no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2019)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 95.7% of population
unimproved: urban: 4.3% of population
unimproved: urban: 4.3% of population
National anthem
name: "Isle of Beauty"
lyrics/music: Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN
note: adopted 1967
lyrics/music: Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN
note: adopted 1967
This is an audio of the National Anthem for Dominica. The national anthem is generally a patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
Major urban areas - population
15,000 ROSEAU (capital) (2018)
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Hospital bed density
3.8 beds/1,000 population
National symbol(s)
Sisserou parrot, Carib Wood flower; national colors: green, yellow, black, white, red
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 60.6% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 26.2% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.5% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 54.4% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -62.7% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 26.2% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.5% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 54.4% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -62.7% (2017 est.)
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Population distribution
population is mosly clustered along the coast, with roughly a third living in the parish of St. George, in or around the capital of Roseau; the volcanic interior is sparsely populated
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
J7
Ethnic groups
African descent 84.5%, mixed 9%, Indigenous 3.8%, other 2.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 29.7% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 6.1%, Baptist 5.2%, Christian Union Church 3.9%, Methodist 2.6%, Gospel Mission 2.1%, other Protestant 3.1%), Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, Rastafarian 1.1%, other 4.3%, none 9.4%, unspecified 1.4% (2011 est.)
Languages
English (official), French patois
Imports - partners
United States 75%, China 5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4%, United Kingdom 2%, Italy 2% (2021)
Military - note
Dominica has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2024)
Disputes - international
Dominica-Venezuela: is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Literacy
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Elevation
highest point: Morne Diablotins 1,447 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Physicians density
1.1 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
NA
Current health expenditure
5.7% of GDP (2020)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 41.2
youth dependency ratio: 28
elderly dependency ratio: 13.2
potential support ratio: 7.6 (2021)
youth dependency ratio: 28
elderly dependency ratio: 13.2
potential support ratio: 7.6 (2021)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 13,176 tons (2013 est.)
Air pollutants
particulate matter emissions: 8.22 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 0.18 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 0.04 megatons (2020 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 0.18 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 0.04 megatons (2020 est.)
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Pitons Management Area
selected World Heritage Site locales: Pitons Management Area
Coal
production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 74.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 24.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 24.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Natural gas
production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 1,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 1,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.98 (2023 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
40.3% (2023 est.)
Remittances
8.56% of GDP (2022 est.)
11.72% of GDP (2021 est.)
11.61% of GDP (2020 est.)
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
11.72% of GDP (2021 est.)
11.61% of GDP (2020 est.)
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Net migration rate
-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Median age
total: 36.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 36 years
female: 37.1 years
male: 36 years
female: 37.1 years
Debt - external
$280.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$314.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$314.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$204.343 million (2022 est.)
$190.843 million (2021 est.)
$165.824 million (2020 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
$190.843 million (2021 est.)
$165.824 million (2020 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Refined petroleum products - imports
1,237 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Public debt
82.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.01 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Population
74,656 (2023 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-5.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Internet users
total: 58,320 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
182,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 182,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 182,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Area
total: 751 sq km
land: 751 sq km
water: NEGL
land: 751 sq km
water: NEGL
Taxes and other revenues
40.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$833.828 million (2022 est.)
$789.248 million (2021 est.)
$738.371 million (2020 est.)
note: data in 2017 dollars
$789.248 million (2021 est.)
$738.371 million (2020 est.)
note: data in 2017 dollars
Roadways
total: 1,512 km
paved: 762 km
unpaved: 750 km (2018)
paved: 762 km
unpaved: 750 km (2018)
Airports
2 (2024)
Infant mortality rate
total: 11 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 62,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
-0.73% (2020 est.)
1.5% (2019 est.)
0.99% (2018 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
1.5% (2019 est.)
0.99% (2018 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Refined petroleum products - exports
0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Current account balance
-$133.58 million (2022 est.)
-$153.204 million (2021 est.)
-$178.7 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
-$153.204 million (2021 est.)
-$178.7 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Real GDP per capita
$11,500 (2022 est.)
$10,900 (2021 est.)
$10,300 (2020 est.)
note: data in 2017 dollars
$10,900 (2021 est.)
$10,300 (2020 est.)
note: data in 2017 dollars
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 16,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2020 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
27.9% (2016)
Energy consumption per capita
37.513 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
Death rate
8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Birth rate
13.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 42,000 kW (2020 est.)
consumption: 82.078 million kWh (2019 est.)
exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)
imports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 8.1 million kWh (2019 est.)
consumption: 82.078 million kWh (2019 est.)
exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)
imports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 8.1 million kWh (2019 est.)
Merchant marine
total: 77 (2023)
by type: general cargo 26, oil tanker 10, other 41
by type: general cargo 26, oil tanker 10, other 41
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
NA
Imports
$349.052 million (2022 est.)
$307.79 million (2021 est.)
$303.326 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
$307.79 million (2021 est.)
$303.326 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports
$192.278 million (2022 est.)
$123.36 million (2021 est.)
$95.366 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
$123.36 million (2021 est.)
$95.366 million (2020 est.)
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 7,459 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production
0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 6.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 4.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 4.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.5 years
female: 81.5 years
male: 75.5 years
female: 81.5 years
Real GDP growth rate
5.65% (2022 est.)
6.89% (2021 est.)
-16.6% (2020 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
6.89% (2021 est.)
-16.6% (2020 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Industrial production growth rate
1.07% (2022 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 22.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 12.6% (2017 est.)
services: 65.1% (2017 est.)
industry: 12.6% (2017 est.)
services: 65.1% (2017 est.)
Revenue from forest resources
0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)
Revenue from coal
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Education expenditures
5.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Population growth rate
0.02% (2023 est.)